1858 – Caroline Julia Bartlett Crane was born in Hudson, Wisconsin. Inspired by the preaching of the Unitarian Oscar Clute, she decided to become a minister when ministry was considered an exclusively male profession. She earned a B.A. and M.A. from Carthage College, then studied theology on her own while working as a teacher and journalist. She was ordained in 1887 by a colleague of Mary Safford. She was a successful minister in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, then in Kalamazoo, Michigan. She also worked to promote public kindergartens and urban sanitation.

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